In the ancient yogic scriptures, various methods of purification have been handed down that address several levels. They are used for physical cleansing, but are also relevant for the energetic level. They can also ultimately have an effect on the mind.
Shatkarma: The six purification techniques of yoga for body and mind
Shatkarma is an ancient practice from the Hatha yoga tradition and refers to six specific cleansing methods that release physical, mental and energetic blockages. These techniques serve to detoxify the body and optimally prepare the mind for deeper yoga and meditation practices.
What is meant by shatkarma?
The term shatkarma is made up of the Sanskrit words shat (six) and karma (action). The six main purification techniques are:
- Neti(nasal rinsing) - Cleansing the nasal cavities with lukewarm salt water or a fine thread helps to keep the airways clear and strengthen the immune system.
- Dhauti (stomach and oesophageal cleansing) - This technique involves drinking salt water or swallowing a strip of cloth to clear the stomach of mucus and toxins.
- Nauli (abdominal muscle massage) - Targeted circling of the abdominal muscles massages the internal organs and promotes digestion.
- Basti (colon cleansing) - Cleansing the large intestine with water or air supports intestinal health and improves elimination.
- Kapalabhati (cranial lustre breathing) - A powerful breathing technique that clears the mind and increases lung capacity.
- Trataka (fixing a point or candle flame) - This practice improves concentration and supports eye cleansing.
The advantages of Shatkarma
The shatkarma have numerous health benefits, including:
- Detoxification of the body: The cleansing techniques help to remove toxins from the body and relieve the organs.
- Improving breathing: Neti and Kapalabhati promote clear airways and increase lung capacity.
- Strengthening the digestive system: Nauli, Dhauti and Basti support healthy digestion and relieve the intestines.
- Mental clarity: Trataka and Kapalabhati sharpen the focus and calm the mind.
Shatkarma in the modern world
In today's world, where stress, environmental pollution and an unbalanced diet are widespread, shatkarma can be a valuable method for holistic health promotion. Many yoga teachers and therapists recommend integrating these cleansing techniques into everyday life in order to benefit from the positive effects in the long term.
In which source texts of yoga are the Shatkarma handed down?
The Shatkarma techniques have their roots in classical yogic scriptures, in particular in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, one of the most important texts of Hatha Yoga, written by Svatmarama in the 15th century. In chapter 2, he describes the six purification techniques as an essential practice for cleansing the body and preparing for higher levels of yoga.
Another important source text is the Gheranda Samhita, a teaching dialogue between the sage Gheranda and his disciple Chanda. Here, the shatkarma is described as a fundamental part of the 'shodhana' (purification) within the seven-limbed yoga path.
The Shiva Samhita, another important hatha yoga work, also mentions various cleansing methods, in particular neti and dhauti, to rid the body of impurities and optimise the flow of energy.
These scriptures make it clear that the shatkarma are not only for physical purification, but also have a deeper spiritual and energetic meaning in yoga.
Conclusion
Shatkarma is an effective method for cleansing the body and mind and an important part of hatha yoga. Whether for more energy, better digestion or mental clarity - these six techniques support general well-being and can be easily integrated into your yoga practice.
If you want to incorporate shatkarma into your routine, it is advisable to be guided by an experienced yoga teacher in order to perform the techniques safely and effectively. Neti, for example, is a good place to start as it can be performed quite easily with the help of nasal irrigation jugs.
FAQ about the Shatkarma
What does Shatkarma mean?
Shatkarma (also known as Shatkriya) is a term from Hatha yoga and refers to six special cleansing techniques that free the body, mind and energies from blockages and promote health.
Where do the Shatkarma techniques come from?
The Shatkarma practices were described in classical yogic scriptures such as the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, the Gheranda Samhita and the Shiva Samhita. They are considered an essential part of hatha yoga.
Which six purification techniques belong to the Shatkarma?
- Neti (nasal rinsing)
- Dhauti (stomach and oesophagus cleansing)
- Nauli (abdominal muscle massage)
- Basti (colon cleansing)
- Kapalabhati (breath cleansing)
- Trataka (eye cleansing & concentration)
Why should you practise shatkarma?
The cleansing exercises help to remove toxins from the body, strengthen the digestive and respiratory systems, open the energy channels and improve mental clarity. They also prepare the body for advanced yoga and meditation practices.
Are Shatkarma suitable for everyone?
Not all techniques are suitable for beginners. It is recommended to learn them under the guidance of an experienced yoga teacher, especially if you have health problems or pre-existing conditions.
How often should you practise shatkarma?
The frequency depends on the respective technique and individual needs. Some practices, such as neti or kapalabhati, can be performed daily, while others, such as dhauti or basti, should be practised less frequently.
Are there any side effects or risks with Shatkarma?
If the exercises are not performed correctly, they can lead to irritation or discomfort. For example, incorrect neti practice can irritate the nasal mucous membranes. It is therefore important to observe the correct technique and dosage.
Can Shatkarma help with detox?
Yes, many of these techniques support the body's natural detoxification, aid digestion and help to eliminate excess mucus and toxins.
How are shatkarma related to energy work in yoga?
Shatkarma not only cleanses the physical body, but also the nadis (energy channels) and the prana (life energy). This optimises the flow of energy in the body and supports the balance of the doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) in Ayurveda.
Can the Shatkarma help with meditation?
Yes, because Shatkarma frees the body from blockages, deepens the breathing and clears the mind, it can help to deepen meditation and increase the ability to concentrate.